{"id":15688,"date":"2025-05-14T15:39:20","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T15:39:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/intelligence-oceanique\/letat-de-locean\/rechauffement-des-oceans\/"},"modified":"2025-05-26T12:38:19","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T12:38:19","slug":"rechauffement-des-oceans","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/fr\/intelligence-oceanique\/letat-de-locean\/rechauffement-des-oceans\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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R\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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90%<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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de la chaleur suppl\u00e9mentaire restant sur la plan\u00e8te est stock\u00e9e dans les oc\u00e9ans.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Repr\u00e9sentation sch\u00e9matique de la quantit\u00e9 de chaleur restant sur Terre et de l’endroit o\u00f9 elle est stock\u00e9e pour le r\u00e9chauffement climatique actuel d\u00fb \u00e0 l’activit\u00e9 humaine (2006-2020 et 1971-2020). Source : von Schuckmann et al. 2023.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Le rayonnement solaire entrant et sortant est naturellement \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 sur Terre. Certains ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes peuvent modifier l’\u00e9change d’\u00e9nergie et amener la Terre \u00e0 stocker plus de chaleur qu’elle ne peut en restituer \u00e0 l’espace.<\/p>

L’effet de serre, caus\u00e9 par les activit\u00e9s humaines, emp\u00eache la chaleur de s’\u00e9chapper de la Terre, provoquant un r\u00e9chauffement croissant de la plan\u00e8te. Le surplus de chaleur restant est stock\u00e9 par les diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes plan\u00e9taires – l’atmosph\u00e8re, la terre, la cryosph\u00e8re et l’oc\u00e9an.<\/p>

L’oc\u00e9an a l’incroyable capacit\u00e9 d’absorber la chaleur. Environ 90 % de la chaleur suppl\u00e9mentaire restant sur Terre est stock\u00e9e dans l’oc\u00e9an, ce qui permet de sauver la surface de la plan\u00e8te d’un r\u00e9chauffement beaucoup plus violent, mais condamne l’environnement marin \u00e0 subir des impacts pendant des milliers d’ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Comment l'oc\u00e9an se r\u00e9chauffe-t-il ? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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L’oc\u00e9an se r\u00e9chauffe depuis qu’on peut le mesurer – au moins depuis les ann\u00e9es 60. Depuis 2006, le r\u00e9chauffement de l’oc\u00e9an mondial jusqu’\u00e0 2000 m\u00e8tres de profondeur est deux fois plus rapide.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pourquoi le r\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans est-il important ? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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L’augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de l’eau de mer entra\u00eene de nombreux changements, non seulement dans les oc\u00e9ans, mais aussi sur l’ensemble de la plan\u00e8te. Le r\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans, qui entra\u00eene l’\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau des mers et la fonte de la glace de mer, provoque des vagues de chaleur marine plus fr\u00e9quentes, plus intenses, plus \u00e9tendues et plus longues. Un oc\u00e9an plus chaud influence \u00e9galement la stratification de l’eau (s\u00e9paration en couches) et la distribution des nutriments, la perte d’oxyg\u00e8ne dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins, et alimente les temp\u00eates et modifie les sch\u00e9mas m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Comment mesure-t-on la chaleur des oc\u00e9ans ? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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La chaleur des oc\u00e9ans peut \u00eatre quantifi\u00e9e directement et indirectement. Les mesures directes (in situ) de la chaleur des oc\u00e9ans sont aujourd’hui souvent collect\u00e9es par des dispositifs autonomes d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans le monde entier, tels que les flotteurs Argo, qui recueillent des donn\u00e9es sur la temp\u00e9rature de la colonne d’eau jusqu’\u00e0 2000 m\u00e8tres. Indirectement, le contenu thermique de l’oc\u00e9an peut \u00eatre estim\u00e9 \u00e0 l’aide de mesures satellitaires de la dilatation thermique de l’oc\u00e9an.
Les estimations du contenu thermique des oc\u00e9ans dans le pass\u00e9 (r\u00e9analyse) sont utilis\u00e9es pour d\u00e9river les tendances et aider \u00e0 comprendre les changements \u00e0 long terme (changement climatique). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Surveillance du r\u00e9chauffement de l'oc\u00e9an<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBulletin sur les vagues de chaleur marine <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndicateurs de surveillance des oc\u00e9ans <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Notes et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences : <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chaleur stock\u00e9e dans le syst\u00e8me terrestre 1960-2020 : o\u00f9 va l’\u00e9nergie ?
Cheng, L., G. Foster, Z. Hausfather, K. E. Trenberth, et J. Abraham, 2022 : Improved Quantification of the Rate of Ocean Warming. J. Climate, 35, 4827-4840, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JCLI-D-21-0895.1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

90% de la chaleur suppl\u00e9mentaire restant sur la plan\u00e8te est stock\u00e9e dans les oc\u00e9ans. Repr\u00e9sentation sch\u00e9matique de la quantit\u00e9 de chaleur restant sur Terre et de l’endroit o\u00f9 elle est stock\u00e9e pour le r\u00e9chauffement climatique actuel d\u00fb \u00e0 l’activit\u00e9 humaine (2006-2020 et 1971-2020). Source : von Schuckmann et al. 2023. Le rayonnement solaire entrant et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":15664,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"translation-status":[],"class_list":["post-15688","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans - Mercator Ocean International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/fr\/intelligence-oceanique\/letat-de-locean\/rechauffement-des-oceans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans - Mercator Ocean International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"90% de la chaleur suppl\u00e9mentaire restant sur la plan\u00e8te est stock\u00e9e dans les oc\u00e9ans. Repr\u00e9sentation sch\u00e9matique de la quantit\u00e9 de chaleur restant sur Terre et de l’endroit o\u00f9 elle est stock\u00e9e pour le r\u00e9chauffement climatique actuel d\u00fb \u00e0 l’activit\u00e9 humaine (2006-2020 et 1971-2020). Source : von Schuckmann et al. 2023. 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Mercator Ocean International","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/fr\/intelligence-oceanique\/letat-de-locean\/rechauffement-des-oceans\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"R\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans - Mercator Ocean International","og_description":"90% de la chaleur suppl\u00e9mentaire restant sur la plan\u00e8te est stock\u00e9e dans les oc\u00e9ans. Repr\u00e9sentation sch\u00e9matique de la quantit\u00e9 de chaleur restant sur Terre et de l’endroit o\u00f9 elle est stock\u00e9e pour le r\u00e9chauffement climatique actuel d\u00fb \u00e0 l’activit\u00e9 humaine (2006-2020 et 1971-2020). Source : von Schuckmann et al. 2023. 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