{"id":10525,"date":"2023-07-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\/"},"modified":"2023-07-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T00:00:00","slug":"record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/fr\/actualites\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\/","title":{"rendered":"Ocean News: record-high sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, an associated drop in phytoplankton, arrival of El Ni\u00f1o and Coastal El Ni\u00f1o conditions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>\n<p><strong>For the past several months, the temperature of the ocean&rsquo;s surface, which has already risen by 0.88 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the pre-industrial era due to global warming,<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><strong><\/strong><\/a> has risen to unprecedented levels. Marine heatwaves have already been spotted across the globe, including strong to severe instances in the North Atlantic. Possibly linked with these marine heatwaves, there is a significant decrease in phytoplankton is observed in the Eastern North Atlantic. The Antarctic sea ice extent for May and June have also reached <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/en\/news\/record-low-sea-ice-exent-antarctic-june-2023\/\">record lows<\/a> since the beginning of satellite records. This comes at the same time as our oceanographers see the return of El Ni\u00f1o, as well as signals of Coastal El Ni\u00f1o conditions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Record-high sea surface temperatures<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/psy4qv3r1_20230708_glo_anom_temperature_0m.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29667\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 1: Sea Surface temperature anomaly taken on June 29, showing a 9-day forecast to July 8, 2023. There are heightened temperatures across the global ocean (red zones) as compared to the long-term average. It shows continued heightened temperatures in the North Atlantic, the site of current marine heatwaves and in the central and western Pacific there are the high temperatures that are the typical signature of El Ni\u00f1o. Source: Mercator Ocean International.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>During the month of June, average global sea surface temperatures excluding the poles (between 60\u00b0S and 60\u00b0N) were at <strong>unprecedented highs compared to the average long-term temperatures for the month of June.<\/strong> Since April 2023, when the highest record was measured at above 21.0 degrees, sea surface temperatures have slightly dropped but have remained at record-high levels globally for typical temperatures observed during May and June. The Mercator Ocean 10-day forecast shows that this high-temperature trend continues into July (Figure 1).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ocean-heat_content_0-300m_anom_06-2023-961x700.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29669\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 2: Ocean heat content anomalies (0-300 metres deep) for June 2023. There are heightened temperatures this June compared to the same period over the long-term average (1993-2016 climatology) across the global ocean (red zones). There are elevated temperatures in the North Atlantic, the site of current marine heatwaves. There are also high temperatures in the central and western Pacific, showing the signature of El Ni\u00f1o. Source: Mercator Ocean International<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These <strong>heightened temperatures are also seen at depth this June<\/strong> compared to the same period over the long-term average across much of the global Ocean. There are continued heightened temperatures in the North Atlantic, the site of current marine heatwaves, as well as in the central and western Pacific, a typical signature of El Ni\u00f1o. Figure 2 illustrates the ocean heat content from 0 to 300 metres, the red zones show abnormally high subsurface temperatures, with hot clusters found across the globe.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marine heatwaves<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These heightened ocean temperatures make the <strong>risk of severe marine heat waves in the summer very high<\/strong>. Below we focus on the marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic because of their potential impact. These marine heatwaves cause a significant decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration, a finding supported by our model and existing literature (see next section).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/marineHeatwaveJune2023-1-1024x518.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29689\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 3: Marine heatwaves for 30 June 2023 across the global Ocean. OSTIA Satellite observations analysis is redistributed by the Copernicus Marine Service. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48670\/moi-00165\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48670\/moi-00165<\/em><\/a><em> &nbsp;Source: Mercator Ocean International<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>There are strong to severe marine heatwaves detected in the North Atlantic (figure 3) as of late June 2023.<\/li><li>The Mercator Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly 10-day forecast for the North Atlantic reveal continued elevated temperatures (not shown).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/out-002-1.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29771\"\/><figcaption>Figure 4: Left panel , Marine heatwaves Category for 20 to 26 June 2023 in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean. using OSTIA Satellite observations analysis, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48670\/moi-00165\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48670\/moi-00165<\/a>. Right panel, The percentage change in chlorophyll-a concentration associated with severe and extreme marine heat-waves,\u00a0 compared to the climatological value for the same day of the year, using GlobColour satellite observations\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48670\/moi-00281\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48670\/moi-00281<\/a>. The OSTIA and Globcolour satellite observations are redistributed by the Copernicus Marine Service. Source: Mercator Ocean International<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the <strong>Eastern<\/strong> <strong>North Atlantic, a significant decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration<\/strong> is observed, <strong>with decreases of up to 50-60%<\/strong> (as shown in Figure 4).<\/li><li>This decrease in chlorophyll-a is closely related to the spatial distribution of the current marine heat wave in the region (Figure 3). This suggests that the ongoing warm spell could be affecting the tiny plants in the ocean, known as phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a is the green pigment in phytoplankton).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A recent study of combined marine heatwave and low chlorophyll events supports this observation<a href=\"#_ftn3\"><\/a>. The study indicates that during this time of year, in this region, marine heatwaves are three times more likely to cause a decrease in chlorophyll levels than if the marine heatwaves and the decrease in chlorophyll were independent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In June, the North Atlantic reaches the peak of its spring phytoplankton bloom.<a href=\"#_ftn4\"><\/a> The North Atlantic spring bloom is the most remarkable seasonal increase in phytoplankton biomass in the world&rsquo;s oceans. This organic carbon that is synthesized during the spring bloom is thought to play a vital role, providing the majority of the energy needed to sustain the entire marine food chain in the region and making a substantial contribution to global ocean CO<sub>2<\/sub> uptake. Though further studies are required in order to assess the situation, the significant reduction in chlorophyll-a concentration associated with the ongoing marine heatwave could potentialy have impacts on the marine ecosystem or even mechanisms like the carbon cycle in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arrival of El Ni\u00f1o conditions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important sources of climatic variability resulting from a strong coupling between ocean and atmosphere in the tropical Pacific. Globally, it impacts ecosystems, precipitations, and freshwater resources. The ENSO is characterized by two phases that last from several months to more than a year and recur irregularly on a typical time scale of 2-7 years. The warm phase El Ni\u00f1o is broadly characterized by a weakening of the easterly trade winds at interannual timescales associated with a surface ocean warming in the central to eastern Pacific. Opposite changes are observed during the cold phase La Ni\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tracking El Ni\u00f1o is crucial because it can have impacts on agriculture, ecosystems, and economies worldwide. El Nino monitoring provides valuable information for predicting and managing climate-related impacts, including droughts, floods, and shifts in global weather patterns, allowing for better preparedness and mitigation strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sea-Surface-Termperature-anomaly-06-2023-ElNino-1024x615.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29675\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 7: &nbsp;Sea surface temperature mean anomaly for June 2023 compared to the long-term average for June (1993-2016 climatology), GLORYS12V1.&nbsp; It shows the development of El Ni\u00f1o conditions, identified through key areas of the Pacific Ocean heating up such as the regions Ni\u00f1o 3.4 and Ni\u00f1o 1+2. Source: Mercator Ocean International, Copernicus Marine Service.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>El Ni\u00f1o conditions have developed<\/strong> (and <a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/our-mandate\/climate\/el-ni%C3%B1ola-ni%C3%B1a-update\">deemed likely by the WMO<\/a>). In figure 7, the warming near the equator in the central to eastern Pacific shows the signature of the El Ni\u00f1o conditions. The boxes Ni\u00f1o 3.4 and Ni\u00f1o 1+2 indicate conventional regions where sea surface temperatures are monitored and forecasted.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sea-Surface-Termperature-anomaly-Nino3-4.jpg-1024x660.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29677\"\/><figcaption><em>Figure 8: The Ni\u00f1o 3.4 SST index (sea surface temperature anomalies averaged in the Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region) that is used to identify the state of the ENSO: either neutral conditions, El Ni\u00f1o (above +0.4C, in red) or La Ni\u00f1a (below \u20130.4C, in blue). El Ni\u00f1o events vary in strength with a few events (above +2C), that are considered very strong. Source: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/data.marine.copernicus.eu\/product\/GLOBAL_OMI_CLIMVAR_enso_sst_area_averaged_anomalies\/description\"><em>Mercator Ocean International, Copernicus Marine Service Ocean Monitoring Indicator<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific have already surpassed key thresholds and <strong>El Ni\u00f1o conditions are currently observed <\/strong>(figure 8). &nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The index Nino 3.4 sea surface temperature (figure 8) is a conventional indicator of the state of the ENSO.<a href=\"#_ftn5\"><sup><\/sup><\/a> Scientists typically declare an El Ni\u00f1o to be present when sea surface temperatures averaged in the region Ni\u00f1o 3.4 (figure 7) rise at least 0.4 degrees above norm for more than six consecutive months, along with additional analysis. Such a threshold has recently been surpassed (Figure 8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coastal El Ni\u00f1o<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mercator Ocean International scientists have detected the conditions typical of a Coastal El Ni\u00f1o, <\/strong>and their findings are in alignment with the global scientific authorities on this topic. While El Ni\u00f1o refers to a warming of the broad tropical Pacific, a Coastal El Ni\u00f1o refers to a more localized ocean warming near South America. &nbsp;A Coastal &nbsp;El Ni\u00f1o is declared when sea surface temperatures averaged in the region Ni\u00f1o 1.2&nbsp; (figure 7) rise to a certain threshold.&nbsp; The coming of El Ni\u00f1o also coincides with the development of strong Coastal El Ni\u00f1o conditions. These together increase the potential impacts that are particularly felt in Peru and Ecuador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heavy rains have hit northern Peru since January resulting in floods and landslides that have affected thousands of people, leaving many homeless.<a href=\"#_ftn6\"><sup><\/sup><\/a> The official entity in charge of monitoring the phenomenon in Peru,&nbsp;Estudio Nacional del Fen\u00f3meno del Ni\u00f1o (EFEN) declared an alert for Coastal El Ni\u00f1o, warning of increased rainfall in the northern part of the country in 2024. In an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/articles\/cd1kmk9xv7zo\">interview with the BBC<\/a> Rina Gabriel of EFEN said that &nbsp;El Ni\u00f1o and Coastal&nbsp; El Ni\u00f1o generates much higher rainfall than normal and that there could be a high human cost and economic losses if preventive measures are not taken in advance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WMO declares El Ni\u00f1o conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced in May that \u201clobal temperatures are likely to surge to record levels in the next five years, fuelled by heat-trapping greenhouse gases and a naturally occurring El Ni\u00f1o event.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn7\"><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA warming El Ni\u00f1o is expected to develop in the coming months and this will combine with human-induced climate change to push global temperatures into uncharted territory. This will have far-reaching repercussions for health, food security, water management and the environment. We need to be prepared,\u201d WMO Secretary-General Prof. Petteri Taalas<a href=\"#_ftn8\"><strong><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Below are some key findings from this <a href=\"https:\/\/library.wmo.int\/index.php?lvl=notice_display&amp;id=22272\">WMO Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update (Target years: 2023-2027)<\/a><a href=\"#_ftn9\"><\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The average global temperature in 2022 was about 1.15\u00b0C above the 1850-1900 average. The cooling influence of La Ni\u00f1a conditions over much of the past three years temporarily reined in the longer-term warming trend. But La Ni\u00f1a ended in March 2023 and an El Ni\u00f1o is forecast to develop in the coming months. Typically, El Ni\u00f1o increases global temperatures in the year after it develops \u2013 in this case this would be 2024.<\/li><li>There is a 98% chance of at least one in the next five years beating the temperature record set in 2016 when there was an exceptionally strong El Ni\u00f1o.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Important links<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mercator Ocean News: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/en\/news\/record-low-sea-ice-exent-antarctic-june-2023\/\">Lowest recorded Antarctic sea ice extent for June<\/a><\/li><li>World Meteorological Organization, 17 May 2023: &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/press-release\/global-temperatures-set-reach-new-records-next-five-years\">Global Temperatures set to reach new records in next five years<\/a><\/li><li>BBC June 29 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/articles\/cd1kmk9xv7zo\">Qu\u00e9 es el Ni\u00f1o costero, el fen\u00f3meno que multiplica los efectos de El Ni\u00f1o en Per\u00fa y Ecuador<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><\/a> The AR5 assessment is confirmed, and it is now <em>very likely <\/em>that global mean SST  changed by 0.88  \u00b0C from 1850\u20131900 to 2011\u20132020, and 0.60  \u00b0C from 1980 to 2020 (Figure 9.3 and Table 2.4). (IPCC SROCC 9.2.1.1, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/data.marine.copernicus.eu\/product\/GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_BIO_001_028\/description\">https:\/\/data.marine.copernicus.eu\/product\/GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_BIO_001_028\/description<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\"><\/a> Legrix et al. 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/bg.copernicus.org\/articles\/18\/2119\/2021\/\">https:\/\/bg.copernicus.org\/articles\/18\/2119\/2021\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\"><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-017-02143-6\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-017-02143-6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\"><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/marine.copernicus.eu\/news\/ocean-monitoring-indicators-more-40-updates\">https:\/\/marine.copernicus.eu\/news\/ocean-monitoring-indicators-more-40-updates<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\"><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/es\/story\/2023\/05\/1520492\">https:\/\/news.un.org\/es\/story\/2023\/05\/1520492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\"><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/press-release\/global-temperatures-set-reach-new-records-next-five-years\">https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/press-release\/global-temperatures-set-reach-new-records-next-five-years<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\"><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/press-release\/global-temperatures-set-reach-new-records-next-five-years\">https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/press-release\/global-temperatures-set-reach-new-records-next-five-years<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\"><\/a> The bullet points are taken from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) press release (https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/press-release\/global-temperatures-set-reach-new-records-next-five-years) covering the findings of the WMO Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update (Target years: 2023-2027) (https:\/\/library.wmo.int\/index.php?lvl=notice_display&amp;id=22272)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the past several months, the temperature of the ocean&rsquo;s surface, which has already risen by 0.88 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the pre-industrial era due to global warming, has risen to unprecedented levels. Marine heatwaves have already been spotted across the globe, including strong to severe instances in the North Atlantic. Possibly linked [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"translation-status":[],"class_list":["post-10525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ocean News: record-high sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, an associated drop in phytoplankton, arrival of El Ni\u00f1o and Coastal El Ni\u00f1o conditions - Mercator Ocean International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/fr\/actualites\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ocean News: record-high sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, an associated drop in phytoplankton, arrival of El Ni\u00f1o and Coastal El Ni\u00f1o conditions - Mercator Ocean International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For the past several months, the temperature of the ocean&rsquo;s surface, which has already risen by 0.88 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the pre-industrial era due to global warming, has risen to unprecedented levels. Marine heatwaves have already been spotted across the globe, including strong to severe instances in the North Atlantic. Possibly linked [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/fr\/actualites\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mercator Ocean International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MercatorOcean\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-06T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Marine-heatwave-category-map-june2023-scaled-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1296\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Damien Goubeau\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@MercatorOcean\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@MercatorOcean\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Damien Goubeau\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Damien Goubeau\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8707759d6e2641e91ea76ae3fc537134\"},\"headline\":\"Ocean News: record-high sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, an associated drop in phytoplankton, arrival of El Ni\u00f1o and Coastal El Ni\u00f1o conditions\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-06T00:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1943,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/Marine-heatwave-category-map-june2023-scaled-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mercator-ocean.eu\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/record-high-sea-surface-temperatures-north-atlantic-drop-in-phytoplankton-el-nino-costal-el-nino\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ocean News: record-high sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, an associated drop in phytoplankton, arrival of El Ni\u00f1o and Coastal El Ni\u00f1o conditions - 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